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Helicobacter pylori: Magesårsbakterien

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Tidlig på 80-tallet oppdaget noen forskere at det var en sammenheng mellom forekomst av Hp-infeksjon og magesår. På 90-tallet foregikk en intens forskning på denne sammenhengen. Vi vet idag at infeksjon med Helicobacter pylori er den viktigste årsaken til magesårsykdommen. Riktignok er det flere faktorer som spiller inn når det oppstår et magesår, men infeksjon med Hp er i de aller fleste tilfeller en forutsetning for at det skal bli sår.

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Det finnes to hovedtyper magesår (se tegningen over): I tolvfingertarmen (duodenalsår) og i magesekken (ventrikkelsår). Vi regner at ca. 98% av alle tolvfingertarmsår opptrer hos personer som er infiserte med Hp. Ca. 75-80% av alle sår i magesekken forekommer hos personer med Hp-infeksjon, de resterende 20-25% skyldes bivirkninger av visse typer medisiner (NSAIDs) som skaper "etsesår" i magesekken.

Ved Hp-infeksjon oppstår en kronisk betennelse i slimhinnen i magesekken (gastritt) eller øverst i tolvfingertarmen (duodenitt). Denne betennelsen svekker slimhinnens motstandskraft mot bl.a. magesyren, og det kan over tid utvikle seg et magesår.

Kreft i magesekken forekommer hyppigere blant Hp-infiserte enn blant ikke-infiserte. Tilstanden er imidlertid såvidt sjelden, at man ikke har funnet det nødvendig å anbefale å fjerne bakterien hos alle med Hp-infeksjon.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Helicobacter pylori . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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