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Barnløshet (infertilitet): Årsaker

Innhold i artikkelen

Undersøkelser viser at årsaken til barnløshet i 40 prosent av tilfellene finnes hos kvinnen, i 20 prosent hos mannen, i 30 prosent hos begge og i 10 prosent av tilfellene finner man ingen forklaring.

Annonse

Infertilitet kan ha mange årsaker, men de viktigste er:

  • Forstyrrelser i eggløsning
  • Skader i egglederne etter underlivsbetennelse
  • Endometriose - tilstand hvor det finnes livmorslimhinne utenfor livmorhulen
  • Redusert sædkvalitet

Faktorer som er vist å virke negativt inn på fruktbarheten er blant andre undervekt, overvekt, ekstrem fysisk trening, overvekt i kombinasjon med polycystisk ovariesyndrom/PCOS, tidligere bekkeninfeksjon, bruk av anabole steroider/testosteron og sannsynligvis røyking.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Infertilitet . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, et al. National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys. PLOS Medicine Dec 18, 2012. Doi: 10.1371/journal. pmid: 23271957 PubMed
  2. Kjøtrød S, Hentemann MA, Johansen MS et al. Infertilitet. Veileder i gynekologi, 2015. Sist revidert 27.01.2016, siden besøkt 27.10.2020.
  3. Petraglia F, Serour GI, Chapron C. The changing prevalence of infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013; 123: S4-S8. pmid:24112745 PubMed
  4. Gnoth C, Godehardt D, Godehardt E, Frank-Herrmann P, Freundl G. Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study and impact on the management of infertility. Hum Reprod 2003; 18: 1959-66. PubMed
  5. Van Voorhis BJ. In vitro fertilization. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 379-86. PubMed
  6. Chandeying P, Pantasri T. Prevalence of conditions causing chronic anovulation and the proposed algorithm for anovulation evaluation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015; 41: 1074-9. pmid:25772812 PubMed
  7. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. London: NICE; 2013. CG156. Last updated Sep 2017, visited May 2019 www.nice.org.uk
  8. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2018; 110: 364-79. pmid:30033227 PubMed
  9. Wall J, Jayasena CN. Diagnosing male infertility. BMJ 2018; 363: k3202. pmid:30287677 PubMed
  10. Skomsvoll JF, Rødevand E, Koksvik HS, et al. Reversibel infertilitet ved ikke-steroide antiinflammatoriske midler. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2005; 125: 1476-8. pmid: 15940311 PubMed
  11. Iliodromiti S, Kelsey TW, Wu O. The predictive accuracy of anti-Müllerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20: 560-70. pmid:24532220 PubMed
  12. Pomp E. Ikke-steroide antiinflammatoriske legemidler og kvinnelig infertilitet. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2002; 122: 2295-6. PubMed
  13. Lim SS, Hutchison SK, Van Ryswyk E, Norman RJ, Teede HJ, Moran LJ. Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD007506. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007506.pub4. DOI
  14. Eskew AM, Bedrick BS, Hardi A et al. Letrozole Compared With Clomiphene Citrate for Unexplained Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2019; 133: 437-44. pmid:30741800 PubMed
  15. Franik S, Eltrop SM, Kremer JAMet al. Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD010287. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010287.pub3 DOI
  16. Chua SJ, Akande VA, Mol BWJ. Surgery for tubal infertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006415. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006415.pub3. DOI
  17. Melo P, Georgiou EX, Johnson N, et al. Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD002125. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002125.pub4. DOI
  18. Kroese ACJ, de Lange NM, Collins J, Evers JLH. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD000479. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000479.pub5 DOI
  19. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Hughes E, Ayeleke RO, Cohlen BJ. Intra-uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001838. pmid: 26892070 PubMed
  20. Oldereid NB, Åbyholm T, Tanbo T, Engelund IE, Irgens LM. Medfødte misdannelser hos barn født etter assistert befruktning i Norge. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2003; 123: 2696-9. PubMed
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  24. Kallen B, Finnstrom O, Lindam A et al. Trends in delivery and neonatal outcome after in vitro fertilization in Sweden: data for 25 years. Hum Reprod 2010; 25: 1026-34. pmid:20139431 PubMed
  25. Pinborg A, Wennerholm UB, Romundstad LB et al. Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19: 87-104. pmid:23154145 PubMed
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