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Uregelmessige blødninger, veiviser: Hva kan årsaken være?

Innhold i artikkelen

Vanlige årsaker

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Sjeldnere årsaker

  • Livmorkreft
    • Som regel kvinner over 50 år, vanligvis etter overgangsalderen
    • Kan gi uregelmessige blødninger hos kvinner som fortsatt menstruerer, ellers er det typiske at en kvinne etter overgangsalderen får småblødninger
  • Livmorhalskreft
    • Som regel kvinner i alderen 40-60 år, ikke uvanlig før overgangsalderen
    • Symptomene er i starten få og ofte atypiske: Blødning ved samleie og blødning ved anstrengelse, uregelmessige blødninger, påfallende utflod

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Gynekologiske blødningsforstyrrelser . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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  2. Eraker R, Gravdal LC. Veileder i gynekologi. Gynekologiske blødningsforstyrrelser. Sist rev. 2015.
  3. Knol HM, Mulder AB, Bogchelman DH et al. The prevalence of underlying bleeding disorders in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding with and without gynecologic abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209:202.e1-7. PMID: 23727521. PubMed
  4. Jacobson AE, Vesely SK, Koch T, et al. Patterns of von Willebrand Disease Screening in Girls and Adolescents With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 2018. pmid:29742662 PubMed
  5. Warner PE, Critchley HO, Lumsden MA, Campbell-Brown M, Douglas A, Murray GD. Menorrhagia I: measured blood loss, clinical features, and outcome in women with heavy periods: a survey with follow-up data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 1216-23. PubMed
  6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management. NICE guideline NG88. Published date: March 2018 Last updated: November 2018. Cited Dec 2019. www.nice.org.uk
  7. Norsk gynekologisk forening. Gjør kloke valg. Publisert 13.06.2019. www.legeforeningen.no
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  11. Roberts TE, Tsourapas A, Middleton LJ, et al. Hysterectomy, endometrial ablation, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: cost effectiveness analysis. BMJ 2011; 342: D2202. BMJ (DOI)
  12. Lethaby A, Wise MR, Weterings MAJ et al. Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000154. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000154.pub3. The Cochrane Library
  13. Bofill Rodriguez M, Lethaby A, Low C, Cameron IT. Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD001016. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001016.pub3 DOI
  14. Heliovaara-Peippo S, Hurskainen R, Teperi J, et al. Quality of life and costs of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia: a 10-year randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013 Dec;209(6):535.e1-535.e14.
  15. Bofill Rodriguez M, Lethaby A, Jordan V. Progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 12;6:CD002126. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002126.pub4. DOI
  16. Kaunitz AM, Bissonnette F, Monteiro I, et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or medroxyprogesterone for heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116: 625-32. PubMed
  17. Gupta J, Kai J, Middleton L, et al. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus medical therapy for menorrhagia. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 128-37. New England Journal of Medicine
  18. Bryant‐Smith AC, Lethaby A, Farquhar C, Hickey M. Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD000249. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000249.pub2. The Cochrane Library
  19. Bofill Rodriguez M, Lethaby A, Farquhar C. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD000400. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000400.pub4. The Cochrane Library
  20. Kuppermann M, Varner RE, Summitt RL, et al. Effect of hysterectomy vs medical treatment on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning. The medicine or surgery (Ms) randomized trial. JAMA 2004; 291:1447-455. Journal of the American Medical Association
  21. Sowter MC, Lethaby A, Singla AA. Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 15 Nov 2013. CD010241.pub2 Cochrane (DOI)
  22. Bofill Rodriguez M, Lethaby A, Grigore M, Brown J, Hickey M, Farquhar C. Endometrial resection and ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001501. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001501.pub5. The Cochrane Library
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  24. Sambrook AM, Elders A, Cooper KG. Microwave endometrial ablation versus thermal balloon endometrial ablation (MEATBall): 5-year follow up of a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2014. pmid: 24506529 PubMed
  25. Fergusson RJ, Lethaby A, Shepperd S, Farquhar C. Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD000329.pub2. The Cochrane Library
  26. Middleton LJ, Champaneria R, Daniels JP, et al. Hysterectomi, endometrial destruction, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for heavy menstrual bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from individual patients. BMJ 2010; 341: c3771. pmid: 20713583 PubMed
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