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Kronisk nyresykdom, undersøkelser: Urinprøver

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Teststrimmel og mikroskopi. Undersøkelser av urinen krever innsikt i nyrenes funksjon. Det første legen gjør er å teste urinen med en teststrimmel som dyppes ned i urinen. Teststrimmelen inneholder reagenser som sjekker urinen for tilstedeværelse av unormalt innhold, inklusive protein (eggehvite). Deretter mikroskoperes urinen, hvor man ser etter røde og hvite blodceller, tilstedeværelse av såkalte sylindre (små biter av sammenpresset materiale, f.eks. røde blodceller) og krystaller. Normalt forekommer bare ørsmå mengder protein i urinen. Påvisning av protein på teststrimmelen er unormalt, og kan være et tegn på nyresykdom. 

Albumin-kreatinin-ratio. En mer følsom test på protein er beregning av forholdet mellom albumin og kreatinin i urinen. Med den metoden kan man oppdage små mengder albumin, og man kan følge utviklingen over tid. Denne analysen gjøres i en vanlig urinprøve. 

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Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Nyresvikt, kronisk . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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