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Forkjølelse, behandling

Innhold i artikkelen

Forkjølelse er en sykdom som går over av seg selv, og de færreste behøver noen form for behandling. Det finnes ikke effektive legemidler mot forkjølelsesvirus. Ingen preparater helbreder forkjølelse, og ingen midler har god forebyggende effekt. Eventuell behandling rettes derfor mot å lindre symptomer. De mest brukte håndkjøpspreparatene er avsvellende nesedråper, hoste- og slimløsende preparater og smertestillende og febernedsettende midler.

Annonse

Antibiotika har ingen plass i behandlingen av forkjølelse. Antibiotika har ingen effekt mot virus, preparatene gir risiko for bivirkninger fra magetarmkanalen, de medfører økonomiske kostnader og de øker den generelle bakteriemotstanden (resistens) overfor antibiotika.

Hva kan du gjøre selv?

Drikk mye, f.eks. vann eller juice. Selv om det ikke finnes vitenskapelig dokumentasjon på at det hjelper, mener de fleste at det er et fornuftig tiltak. Hvil deg hvis du føler for det, men det er ingen betingelse for å bli frisk. Når du eller barnet ligger, kan det være fornuftig å legge en ekstra pute under hodet for å minske tettheten i nesen. Hold deg varm og unngå større fysisk og psykisk stress. Trener du regelmessig, bør du ta en liten pause i treningen, eller i alle fall trene med lav intensitet.

Legemidler

Om nødvendig kan smertestillende middel, paracetamol, brukes til å redusere ubehag og feber. Slimhinneavsvellende nesespray eller saltvannsoppløsning kan lindre pustebesvær og bedre nattesøvn, noe som også er vist i vitenskapelige studier. Hostesaft er derimot ikke bedre enn narremedisin verken hos barn eller voksne.

Langvarig hoste hos barn gir mistanke om astma. Av den grunn har mange anbefalt bruk av astmamedisin (beta2-agonist) i behandlingen. En metaanalyse fant at hos barn med isolert kronisk hoste, hadde slik behandling ingen effekt.

Kamfer/mentol/eukalyptus. I en studie hvor en gel med disse luktstoffene ble smurt på huden til barn med forkjølelse, medførte det noe mindre hoste og bedre søvn den påfølgende natten.

Alternativ medisin

Solhatt (Echinacea). En samlestudie (metaanalyse) konkluderer at det ikke finnes gode bevis for at solhattprodukter er effektive verken i behandlingen eller forebyggingen av forkjølelse. To studier med tilfredsstillende oppsett viste ingen effekt verken av rotekstrakt eller planteekstrakt fra Echinacea, mens en studie viste effekt.

Barnehage/dagmamma

Barn i barnehage behøver ikke være hjemme dersom de ikke har feber (> 38 grader) eller har redusert allmenntilstand.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Forkjølelse . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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