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Svimmelhet, årsaker

Innhold i artikkelen

Svimmelhet oppstår ofte som følge av en forstyrrelse eller sykdommer i kroppens balanse-/ likevektsapparat i det indre øret, eller på grunn av forstyrrelser i hjernefunksjonen.

Svimmelhet uten kjent årsak er mest vanlig. Den vil ofte være forbigående, eller med intervaller uten plager.

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Andre mulige årsaker til svimmelhet kan være:

  • Medikamentbivirkninger
  • Alkoholmisbruk
  • Forskjellige nevrologiske sykdommer
  • Øresykdommer
  • Hjerte-/karsykdommer eller åreforkalkning (aterosklerose)
  • Diabetes eller stoffskiftesykdom
  • Blodmangel

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Svimmelhet . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Muncie HL, Sirmans SM, James E. Am Fam Physician 2017; 95(3):154-162. American Family Physician
  2. Hanley K, O'Dowd T, Considine N. A systematic review of vertigo in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51: 666-71. PubMed
  3. Karatas M. Central vertigo and dizziness: epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and common causes. Neurologist. 2008;14:355-364. PubMed
  4. Kerber KA, Newman-Toker DE. Misdiagnosing dizzy patients. Common pitfalls in clinical practice. Neurol Clin. 2015;33(3):565–575, viii.
  5. Hanley K, O'Dowd T. Symptoms of vertigo in general practice: a prospective study of diagnosis. Br J Gen Pract 2002; 52: 809-12. PubMed
  6. Swartz R, Longwell P. Treatment of vertigo. Am Fam Physician 2005; 71: 1115-22. PubMed
  7. Post RE, Dickerson LM. Dizziness: a diagnostic approach. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82: 361-8. pmid:20704166 PubMed
  8. Wipperman J. Dizziness and vertigo. Prim Care. 2014;41(1):115–131.
  9. Tarnutzer AA, Berkowitz AL, Robinson KA, Hsieh YH, Newman-Toker DE. Does my dizzy patient have a stroke? A systematic review of bedside diagnosis in acute vestibular syndrome. CMAJ. 2011;183(9):E571–E592.
  10. Maarsingh OR, Dros J, Schellevis FG, et al. Causes of persistent dizziness in elderly patients in primary care. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8(3):196–205.
  11. Rosenberg ML, Gizzi M. Neuro-otologic history. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2000; 33: 471-82. PubMed
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  13. Bhattacharyya N, Baugh RF, Orvidas L, et al. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:S47-81. PubMed
  14. Chan Y. Differential diagnosis of dizziness. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;17: 200-203. PubMed
  15. Harcourt J, Barraclough K, Bronstein AM. Meniere's disease. BMJ. 2014;349:g6544. PubMed
  16. Buttner U, Helmchen C, Brandt T. Diagnostic criteria for central versus peripheral positioning nystagmus and vertigo: a review. Acta Otolaryngol 1999; 119: 1-5. PubMed
  17. Turner B, Eynon-Lewis N. Systematic approach needed to establish cause of vertigo. Practitioner. 2010;254:19-23, 2-3.
  18. The Consensus Committee of the American Autonomic Society and the American Academy of Neurology. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy. Neurology. 1996;46(5):1470. PubMed
  19. Dix MR, Hallpike CS. The pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Proc R Soc Med 1952; 45: 341-54. PubMed
  20. Hornibrook J. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): history, pathophysiology, office treatment and future directions. Int J Otolaryngol. 2011;2011:835671. PubMed
  21. Hasso AN, Drayer BP, Anderson RE, Braffman B, Davis PC, Deck MD, et al. American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Vertigo and hearing loss. Accessed online March 15, 2005, at: http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=1&SID=&DID=11800&CID=1205&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF.
  22. Lawhn-Heath C, Buckle C, Christoforidis G, Straus C. Utility of head CT in the evaluation of vertigo/dizziness in the emergency department. Emerg Radiol 2012. doi:10.1007/s10140-012-1071-y DOI
  23. Yardley L, Barker F, Muller I, et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation for chronic dizziness in primary care: single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012; 344: e2237. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2237 DOI
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