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Kols: Årsaker

Innhold i artikkelen

Den viktigste miljøårsaken til kols er røyking. I Norge er røyking årsaken til kols hos rundt to av tre pasienter. Eksponering for skadelige små partikler i industrirøyk eller annen luftforurensning over mange år eller tiår er andre viktige årsaker. I tillegg til miljøfaktorer bestemmer såkalte vertsfaktorer (for eksempel arv, etnisitet, lungeutvikling tidlig i livet) om kols utvikler seg.  

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Når luftveiene utsettes for langvarig røyking og annen betydelig luftforurensning, setter det i gang en betennelsesprosess som skader slimhinnen i luftveiene. Dette resulterer i bindevevsdannelse, innsnevring av luftveiene og gradvis utvikling av tung pust. I tillegg produseres det ofte rikelig med slim som forverrer pustingen ytterligere, og som gir økt risiko for luftveisinfeksjoner.

Ved emfysem foreligger i tillegg tap av lungevev slik at lungen blir mindre elastisk og får redusert evne til å ta opp oksygen fra luften.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Kols . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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