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Kols, behandling: Kortikosteroider

Innhold i artikkelen

Kortikosteroider, ofte bare kalt steroider, er betennelsesdempende medisiner. De kan enten inhaleres (inhalasjonssteroider), eller tas som tabletter i korte perioder.

Langtidsbruk av inhalasjonssteroider anbefales som førstevalgs vedlikeholdsbehandling hos pasienter både har astma og kols. Bruk av et inhalasjonssteroid kan også være aktuelt hos enkelte pasienter i gruppe D, og brukes da sammen med en langtidsvirkende beta-2-agonist. 

Annonse

Tilleggsbehandling med inhalasjonssteroider kan være aktuelt ved hyppige eller langvarige eksaserbasjoner. Fast bruk av inhalasjonssteroider påvirker ikke fallet i lungefunksjon (FEV1) på lengre sikt. Røykeslutt derimot, reduserer fallet av lungefunksjon med 50 prosent over en 10 års-periode.

Eksempler på inhalasjonssteroider er Aerobec®, Alvesco®, Asmanex®, Beclomet®, Budesonid®, Flutide®, Flutikason, Giona®, Pulmaxan® og Pulmicort®. Bivirkninger av betydning er mye sjeldnere ved bruk av inhalasjonssteroider sammenlignet med tabletter, men tørr hals, heshet og soppinfeksjoner i munnhule og hals kan forekomme. Du bør skylle munn og svelg med vann etter inhalasjon, noe som kan forebygge slike plager. Dersom bivirkninger oppstår likevel, skal du ta kontakt med din behandler/lege. 

Det finnes også kombinasjonspreparater som inneholder både langtidsvirkende beta-2-agonist og kortison (Airflusal Forspiro®, Bufomix®, DuoResp®, Flutiform®, Inuxair®, Relvar Ellipta®, Salmeterol/Fluticasone, Salmex®, Seretide®, Serkep®, Symbicort®). Preparatene Trimbow® og Trelegy Ellipta® kombinerer både langtidsvirkende beta-2-agonist, kortison og en antikolinerg medisin. 

Det er ikke uvanlig med akutte forverringer av kols (eksaserbasjoner). Da er det viktig å gi mer intens behandling. I mer alvorlige tilfeller brukes gjerne kortisonholdige tabletter (prednisolon) i en kort periode og ofte også en kur med antibiotika. Sykehusinnleggelse kan være nødvendig.

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Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Kols . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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