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Annonse

COVID-19, coronavirus: Årsaker

Innhold i artikkelen

Årsaken til covid-19 er en ny type koronavirus (coronavirus) kalt SARS-CoV-2, fordi virusets arvestoff ligner SARS-viruset sitt. Viruset smittet sannsynligvis fra dyr til mennesker. Opphavet til dyret (eller dyrene) som overførte smitte til mennesker er fortsatt usikkert.  Koronaviruset som er funnet å ha mest likhet med SARS-CoV-2 ble oppdaget hos flaggermus i Yunnan, Kina.

Annonse

I begynnelsen av smittespredningen var mange smittetilfeller, men ikke alle, knyttet til et matmarked i byen Wuhan (Kina). Viruset smitter nå mellom mennesker på samme måte som forkjølelse eller influensa. Smitte kan overføres når viruset kommer i kontakt med mottakerens slimhinner i øyne, nese eller munn, eller hvis viruspartikler trekkes ned i lungene.  

Smittemåten som har mest betydning, er såkalt dråpesmitte. Små dråper som inneholder viruset, slenges ut fra luftveiene av personer med covid-19 når de puster, nyser eller hoster. Faren er størst ved nær kontakt med den smittsomme personen. Se FHI sine sider for definisjon av nærkontakter . Når bittesmå dråper (aerosoler), som inneholder virus, smitter over avstander større enn to meter, kalles det luftsmitte. Risikoen for luftsmitte ser ut til å være høyest i små rom med dårlig ventilasjon . 

Når viruset overføres via direkte kontakt med en smittsom person eller via kontakt med overflater som er blitt forurenset med virus, kalles det kontaktsmitte. Viruset kan overleve på overflater utenfor kroppen i opptil noen få dager. Kontaktsmitte kan også ha en rolle i smittespredningen. 

Mesteparten av smitten skjer fra pasienter med symptomer, spesielt i starten av sykdommen. Men smitte er også mulig i inkubasjonstiden (se under) eller fra personer som er smittet, men ikke utvikler symptomer (asymptomatiske smittetilfeller).

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet COVID-19 . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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