Innhold i artikkelen
Legen vil også foreta tester som kan avdekke hvilken type rytmeforstyrrelse som foreligger. Mange rytmeforstyrrelser foreligger kun som korte anfall med unormal rytme, mens det for det meste er en helt normal hjerterytme. I slike tilfeller kan det være vanskelig å fastslå hva slags rytmeforstyrrelse som foreligger. Ved undersøkelsen foretas registreringer av hjertets funksjon og elektriske aktivitet, og i noen tilfeller gis medisiner for å provosere fram rytmefeil.
Tester for hjerterytmen
EKG. Ved taking av EKG registreres den elektriske aktiviteten i hjertet. EKG'et måler detaljene i den elektriske aktiviteten i forbindelse med hvert eneste hjerteslag og kan påvise unormal elektrisk aktivitet.
Holter monitorering. Dette er bærbart EKG-utstyr som du bærer på deg en dag eller mere for å registrere hjertets aktivitet under daglig aktivitet. Den vil kunne fange opp rytmeforstyrrelser som måtte opptre i kortere perioder i løpet av døgnet.
Utstyr for å fange opp sjeldne hendelser. Ved sporadiske/sjeldne arytmier kan du bli utstyrt med et lite EKG-apparat som festes til kroppen og registrerer aktivitet når du opplever symptomer på arytmi. Du starter da apparatet selv. Apparatet er så lite at det kan festes til beltet. En rekke nye metoder for påvisning av hjerterytmeforstyrrelser med små bærbare produkter har blitt tilgjengelig eller er under utprøving.
Ekkokardiogram. Stressekkokardiografi er ultralydundersøkelse av hjertet. Undersøkelsen gir informasjon om hjertets struktur og funksjon. Det vil si hjertets posisjon, størrelse, bevegelighet av klaffer og hjertekammervegger, og hvor raskt blodet strømmer gjennom ulike deler av hjertet. Undersøkelsen gir altså ingen opplysninger om hjertets elektriske aktivitet.
Arytmiutløsende tester
Noen ganger forsøker man å utløse arytmier som så kan granskes med EKG:
Stesstest. Noen arytmier utløses eller forverres ved fysisk aktivitet. Under en stresstest vil du bli bedt om å anstrenge deg ved å gå eller løpe på en tredemølle eller sykle på en ergometersykkel. Samtidig registreres hjerteaktiviteten med hjelp av EKG (arbeids-EKG). Det er også mulig å stimulere hjertet ditt ved hjelp av et medikament (provokasjonsmedikament), slik at man oppnår den samme anstrengelseseffekten. Det siste kan være nyttig hvis du har vansker med å gå, løpe eller sykle.
Vippetest. Utføres på pasienter med gjentatte besvimelser. Puls og blodtrykk følges mens du ligger flatt på et undersøkelsesbord. Bordet vippes som om du står. Undersøkerne følger med i hvordan stillingsendringer påvirker hjertet og nervesystemet som kontrollerer hjertet. Vippetesten er positiv hvis den fremkaller typiske symptomer ledsaget av lavt blodtrykk eller langsom puls (bradykardi). Resultatet er veiledende for behandlingen.
Elektrofysiologiske tester. Tynne, bøyelige kateter med elektroder på tuppen føres gjennom blodårene til ulike steder i hjertet. Når elektrodene er på plass, vil de nøyaktig kunne kartlegge utbredelsen av de elektriske impulsene. I tillegg kan hjertespesialisten bruke elektrodene til å stimulere hjertet ditt til å slå med en hastighet som kan utløse eller stanse en arytmi. Dette gjør det mulig for legen å fastslå hvor i hjertet arytmien oppstår, og hvilke mekanismer som forårsaker arytmien. Evnen til å starte og stoppe din arytmi kan brukes til å teste effekten av ulike behandlingsmetoder. I noen tilfeller kan legen bruke kateteret og elektroden til å brenne av fibrer i hjertet som er skyld i arytmien (kateterablasjon). For mange er dette en meget effektiv behandling.
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Atrieflimmer og -flutter . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
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