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Førstehjelp ved akutte brystsmerter

Akutte brystsmerter kan være uttrykk for et akutt hjerteinfarkt. En livstruende tilstand som krever innleggelse i sykehus straks.

Sist oppdatert:

20. des. 2018

Innhold i artikkelen

Bakgrunn

  • Et hjerteattakk skyldes en blokkering, vanligvis en blodpropp, som dannes inne i en pulsåre (koronararterie) som bringer blod til deler av hjertemuskelen
  • Blokkeringen medfører at denne delen av hjertemuskelen mister blodforsyningen. Konsekvensene av blokkeringen avhenger av hvor mye av hjertemuskelen som frarøves blodforsyning. Uansett oppstår i de aller fleste tilfeller akutte brystsmerter
  • Den alvorligste komplikasjonen til et hjerteattakk er at det oppstår en rytmefeil i hjertet - asystole eller ventrikkelflimmer - noe som fører til hjertestans
  • Hvis du mistenker et hjerteattakk, må pasienten ta det med ro og man må sørge for at vedkommende kommer på sykehus så raskt som mulig
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Typiske symptomer og tegn

  • Brystsmerter, sammensnørende, kan stråle opp i kjeven og ut i armene
  • Klam og kaldsvett
  • Kvalme og oppkast
  • Eventuelt tungpusthet
  • Eventuelt svimmelhet og besvimelsestendens
  • Eventuelt blå på leppene
Annonse

Førstehjelp

  • Få vedkommende til å sette seg ned og slappe av
  • Ring 113 eller tilkall på annen måte akutt medisinsk hjelp
  • Bor du langt fra sykehus eller lege, kan det noen ganger være raskere å få den syke inn i en bil og kjøre til nærmeste sykehus
    • Eventuelt kan det være aktuelt å bruke luftambulanse
    • Hvis du selv har et hjerteattakk, må du aldri kjøre bil selv
  • Dersom tilgjengelig, ta en tablett med salisylat og eventuelt nitroglycerin
    • Aspirin eller Albyl - tygg den for å påskynde opptaket
    • Om pasienten har anginamedisin som nitroglycerin, bør det tas
  • Begynn hjertelungeredning
    • Hvis den syke er bevisstløs, kan det være at den akuttmedisinske sentralen du ringer (113) ber deg om å begynne med hjertelungeredning
    • Selv om du ikke har trening i det, kan sentralen forklare hvordan du gjør det
    • Hold på med dette til hjelpen kommer
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Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Hjerteinfarkt . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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