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Clostridioides difficile tarminfeksjon: Årsaker

Innhold i artikkelen

Antibiotikabehandlingen fører til endringer i den normale bakteriefloraen i tarmen, og legger til rette for oppvekst av clostridier. Ca 20 prosent av dem som bruker antibiotika, får diaré. 20-30 prosent av disse igjen skyldes C. difficile. Bakterien danner toksiner (giftstoffer) som skaper irritasjon i tarmslimhinnen, og som kan gi alt fra en lett irritasjon til en kraftig betennelse i tykktarmslimhinnen med blodig diaré.

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2-3 prosent av friske voksne er bærere av clostridiumbakterien, og bakterien er funnet i tarmen hos opptil 35 prosent av pasienter som er inneliggende i sykehus. Bakterien kan overleve lenge på gjenstander i sykehusmiljø, og den kan overføres via helsearbeideres hender eller instrumenter. C. difficile sporer kan overleve i omgivelser i mange måneder. Bakterien kan også overføres ved kontaktsmitte mellom pasienter.

Sykdommen er en forbundet med bruk av såkalt bredspektrede antibiotika. Det er også påvist økt risiko for klostridie-infeksjon med økende antibiotikadose, med økt varighet av behandling, og med antall antibiotika som er brukt. Blant annet er det funnet 8 ganger økt risiko hos pasienter som antibiotikabehandles i mer enn 18 dager sammenlignet med pasienter som behandles mindre enn 4 dager. Risiko for C. difficile er 7-8 ganger økt under antibiotikabehandling og den første måneden deretter. Risiko avtar gradvis, men er fortsatt 2-3 ganger økt 3 måneder etter antibiotikabehandling.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Clostridioides difficile tarminfeksjon . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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