Tykktarms- og endetarmskreft: Behandling
Behandlingen av kolorektal kreft har de senere år endret seg fra å være rent kirurgisk til å være en oppgave for et team bestående av kirurger, bildediagnostikere, patologer og kreftleger. I Norge er det utviklet detaljerte retningslinjer for hvordan kolorektal kreft skal behandles, og man har valgt å sentralisere behandlingen til større helseforetak for å sikre best mulig kvalitet og likeverdige tilbud.
Det er flere måter å behandle kolorektal kreft på, avhengig av hvor langt kreften er kommet og hvor svulsten er lokalisert. Hovedbehandlingen er kirurgi. Laparoskopisk teknikk (kikkhullskirurgi) synes å gi like gode resultater som åpen kirurgi, men gir kortere innleggelser og mindre smerter. I tillegg kommer cellegiftbehandling og strålebehandling. Det er standardiserte rutiner i forhold til valg av kirurgisk metode, valg av medikamenter og valg av måten eventuell strålebehandling skal gis på. Det er også faste prosedyrer for forbehandling før operasjon.
En tredel av pasientene har spredning (fjernmetastaser) på diagnosetidspunktet. I slike tilfeller vil det gjøres en grundig vurdering av om tilstanden er operabel. Ofte er svaret på dette ja, men først etter forbehandling med cellegift og/eller strålebehandling. I svært langtkomne tilfeller må en konsentrere seg om å lindre plagene og eventuelt prøve å bremse den videre utviklingen med cellegift eller stråleterapi alene, såkalt palliativ behandling.
Det er gjort klare fremskritt i behandlingen med cellegift. Nye legemidler og nye kombinasjoner av legemidler har gitt bedre resultater med økt overlevelse. Det pågår et intenst, internasjonalt forskningsarbeide på dette feltet.
Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Kolorektalkreft . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor
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