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Influensa: Vaksinering

Innhold i artikkelen

Vaksine forebygger sykdom, men må gis hver høst. Slik vaksine anbefales til risikogrupper - det vil si personer hvor man forventer økt risiko for at influensasykdommen kan medføre komplikasjoner og alvorlig sykdomsforløp. Risikogruppene er:

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  • Alle etter fylte 65 år
  • Beboere i omsorgsboliger og sykehjem
  • Gravide etter 12. svangerskapsuke (2. og 3. trimester)
  • Barn og voksne med: diabetes mellitus type 1 og 2, kronisk luftveissykdom, kronisk hjerte-kar sykdom, kronisk leversvikt, kronisk nyresvikt, kronisk nevrologisk sykdom, nedsatt infeksjonsforsvar eller svært alvorlig fedme (KMI over 40)
  • I tillegg anbefales vaksinen for helsepersonell som har pasientkontakt, for husstandskontakter til pasienter som bruker immundempende behandling, og til svinerøktere eller andre som har regelmessig kontakt med levende griser. De siste gruppene vaksineres først og fremst for å beskytte andre mot smitte (indirekte beskyttelse)

Barn i alderen 2-17 år kan velge mellom vaksine-sprøyte eller vaksine som nesespray. Effekten anses likeverdig i disse aldersgruppene. Hos barn i aldersgruppen 6-23 mnd, og hos voksne fra 18 års alder, er det kun vaksinesprøyte som er godkjent. 

Influensavaksinen kan være effektiv, det avhenger av hvor godt vaksinen matcher det aktuelle influensaviruset. Vaksinen må produseres lenge før influensasesongen starter basert på antakelser av hvordan det "nye" influensaviruset blir. Oftest treffer man godt. Det er beregnet at vaksinen i gjennomsnitt gir ca. 60-90% beskyttelse.

Dersom du blir syk og har tatt vaksine, blir forløpet som regel mildere enn hos uvaksinerte. For personer med kroniske sykdommer kan dette være en viktig effekt som kan forebygge alvorlig sykdomsforløp og dødsfall.

Vil du vite mer

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Influensa . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

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